Neurofeedback Transcendental Meditation

Also called EEG biofeedback or neurotherapy, neurofeedback is a procedure that provides real-time feedback on one’s brain wave activity, typically through video or audio signals, aimed at training the user to produce specific brain wave patterns. Advocates say neurofeedback therapy can help people overcome ADHD, reduce depression and anxiety, improve sleep and produce other benefits.

A basic difference between the Transcendental Meditation technique and neurofeedback is that during TM practice, the change in brain functioning is a natural by-product of transcending: the mind naturally settles inward to the state of restful alertness, or pure consciousness—experienced as the deepest, most settled state of one’s mind. Because of the natural connection between mind and body, when the mind settles into this peaceful inner wakefulness during TM practice, the physiology also enjoys a state of restful alertness—measured as deep relaxation and increased brain wave coherence.

Through neurofeedback, the user strives to self-regulate one aspect of their physiology, brain waves, to affect mental functioning and other aspects of the nervous system. In contrast, the TM technique allows the meditator to first experience a coherent, deeply settled state of consciousness, which then spontaneously creates brain wave coherence and stimulates the system’s natural balancing mechanism. This holistic balancing of the system does not result from manipulating an individual part, but happens as a natural by-product of the experience of restful alertness during meditation. Coherent brain functioning during TM practice is only one of the many, holistic mind-body changes common to the technique ("12 Scientific Findings Distinguishing the TM technique").

More on the distinctions between neurofeedback and the Transcendental Meditation technique—and effects for ADHD

How neurofeedback works: The theory behind neurofeedback is that training the brain to sustain certain brain wave patterns can help with a range of mental disorders or improve cognitive function, because specific brain wave patterns are associated with specific mental states. For example, studies suggest that the brain of someone with ADHD typically generates insufficient beta waves (which are associated with focus and attention) and an overabundance of lower-frequency theta waves (produced during daydreaming or drowsiness). Stepping up beta wave production and reducing theta activity through neurofeedback may thus improve concentration and focus.

While in many cases neurofeedback has been shown to produce positive results, much is still unknown about the psycho-physiological mechanism. As with all interventional therapies for mental disorders or brain development, it is advised to consult your doctor before using neurofeedback.

Key distinctions: Neurofeedback and the TM technique

Although the Transcendental Meditation technique is not intended as an alternative treatment for any specific disorder, numerous scientific research studies show that the TM technique achieves many of the aims of neurofeedback—such as improved focus and attention, reduced anxiety and depression and improved brain functioning.

Benefits

Neurofeedback: Many experts acknowledge that the latest research findings are encouraging for using neurofeedback to treat ADHD. Researchers call for further studies to verify benefits for depression, anxiety and other disorders. 

TM technique: Numerous studies have shown that the state of restful alertness gained during TM practice provides deep relaxation and more integrated, efficient brain function, leading to increased creativity, higher IQ, improved grade point average, increased wakefulness and higher moral reasoning.

Research findings also show that the TM technique reduces stress and anxiety, alleviates depression, increases self-actualization, and produces a range of benefits for health and longevity.

ADHD and meditation

A pilot study on the effects of TM practice on ADHD students showed significant improvement in behavior and cognitive function (including attention, working memory, and organization) and 53% reduction in anxiety and depression. A randomized controlled trial on the effects of TM practice on ADHD, soon to be published, showed better brain function and improvements in language skills.

Brain functioning and meditation

The Transcendental Meditation technique improves connectivity in the “executive center” or frontal areas of the brain, the areas that control impulsive actions, judgment and social cues. Heightened brain wave coherence gained during TM practice, identified in 25 separate studies, creates more efficient, integrated brain function and better communication between the different parts of the brain. In ADHD children, theta/beta ratios are found to improve with TM practice (less theta, more beta), which is the goal of ADHD neurofeedback therapy.

Ease and Practicality

Neurofeedback: Requires that the participant go to the therapy location and be connected to the neurofeedback monitoring equipment for an average of one hour per session.  The ease or difficulty of the therapy and rate of progress is said to vary according to the participant’s aptitude. Undergoing 20-40 visits is commonly recommended by neurofeedback specialists.

TM technique: Easily learned and can be practiced any place that one can sit comfortably and close the eyes. The technique is effortless and enjoyable. Benefits are cumulative and typically reported from the very first sitting. Recommended practice time is 20 minutes twice daily, morning and evening.

 “Extensive research on the Transcendental Meditation technique suggests that by reducing stress it can help students develop their brain to work efficiently, creatively and flexibly. The TM technique can also reduce the risk that children and adolescents will be burdened by depression, anxiety, chemical abuse, eating disorders or self-injury.”

—Dr. William Stixrud, clinical neuropsychologist, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Behavior Science and Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine; Health Sciences Adjunct Faculty, Children’s National Medical center, Washington, D.C.

How the TM techniques is different from:

• Common “mantra” meditation 
• Zen and concentration practices 
• Guided meditation 
• Contemplation/contemplative practices 
• Mindfulness 
• Relaxation response 
• Holosync or binaural beat CDs 
• Lower-cost "alternatives"

Why personal instruction?

Why a certified teacher?

ADHD: Medicate or Meditate?

by Jeanne Ball

TM: An effective alternative to medication?
Parents and educators are searching for alternatives to the use of drugs for treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The mind-body practice widely known as the Transcendental Meditation technique is becoming more recognized an effective adjunct or alternative to ADHD medication.

Peer-reviewed scientific research studies show that the Transcendental Meditation technique improves focus, attentiveness, memory and decreases hyperactivity, anxiety and depression. It is easy to practice and results come immediately.

There is growing concern about negative side effects and long-term health outcomes associated with ADHD medications. Groundbreaking research is showing the effectiveness of the Transcendental Meditation technique as a non-drug approach to treating ADHD.

ADHD, the brain, and medication
Neuroscientists and researchers tell us that an imbalance in brain functioning can cause ADHD symptoms. The brain is made up of millions of cells that continually talk to each other, sending signals across the gaps between brain cells. The messenger molecules that carry these signals are called neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin regulate thinking, hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattentiveness, memory, emotions, and depression.

The active ingredients in the most commonly used ADHD medications are amphetamines. As powerful stimulants, these amphetamines artificially increase the amount of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, speeding up brain activity. This is of great concern to medical researchers, doctors and parents. According to researchers, when the drugs flood the brain with these artificially produced neurotransmitters, the brain's ability to produce these neurotransmitters by itself is diminished. This can potentially cause the brain to suppress the natural growth and development of the brain cells that create the neural networks. The young brain isn’t given the chance to develop on its own and mature in its own functioning.[1]

How meditation works
Unlike drugs, the Transcendental Meditation technique doesn’t just treat the symptoms, it influences the cause of the disorder. This means that the technique doesn’t create just a temporary effect, but can improve the condition permanently by reducing stress and creating more efficient and orderly brain functioning.

Scientific research studies published in such prestigious journals as the International Journal of Neuroscience[2], Psychophysiology and others [3] have shown that the TM technique creates widespread "EEG coherence " throughout all areas of the brain. Everything good about the brain depends on its efficient, orderly functioning. Scientists have found that this improved brain functioning through daily TM practice improves IQ, creativity, comprehension, memory and academic performance. People practicing the TM technique commonly report immediate relief from anxiety and hyperactivity, and greater ability to concentrate and focus in their daily life.

Under supervision of their doctors, patients with ADHD who learn the TM technique are often able to reduce or eliminate their medications within 3-6 months.

How the TM technique is different
The TM technique is unique—distinguished by its effortlessness, naturalness, and profound effectiveness. The technique is practiced for 15-20 minutes twice a day, while sitting comfortably with eyes closed. It doesn't take years to master and can be easily learned by anyone, even children, in just a few days. The technique is non-religious and requires no change in lifestyle or belief—one doesn't even have to believe in it for it to work. Because the practice is effortless, you don't have to be able to concentrate or even sit still.

The TM technique allows awareness to naturally settle inward, transcending the busy activity of the mind, to a state of restful alertness. During the practice, the body gains deep relaxation—much deeper than ordinary relaxation.

Over 350 peer-reviewed scientific research studies have shown the TM technique to be the most effective mind-body practice for decreasing anxiety and depression and promoting self-actualization.

Many people with ADHD and other learning disorders have tried counseling and other forms of meditation, without desired results. With regular practice of TM, many are able to end their dependence on medications while thriving in school or work for the first time in their lives.

To view ABC, BBC and PBS video news clips on the use of the TM technique for treating students with ADHD, click here.

References:
1. http://www.adhd-tm.org/questions.html
2. Dillbeck M. C. and Bronson E. C. Short-term longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on EEG power and coherence. International Journal of Neuroscience 14: 147–151, 1981.
3. Travis F. Eyes open and TM EEG patterns after one and after eight years of TM practice. Psychophysiology 28 (3a): S58, 1991.
4. Travis F. and Miskov S. P300 latency and amplitude during eyes-closed rest and Transcendental Meditation practice.Psychophysiology 31: S67 (Abstract), 1994.
5. Travis F. Patterns of EEG coherence, power, and contingent negative variation characterize the integration of transcendental and waking states. Biological Psychology 61: 293-319, 2002.
6. Wallace R.K., et al. Modification of the paired H reflex through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Experimental Neurology 79: 77-86, 1983.
7. Wallace R. K., et al. Modification of the paired H reflex through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Experimental Neurology 79: 77–86, 1983.
8. Yamamoto S., et al. Medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulated cortex in the generation of alpha activity induced by Transcendental Meditation: A magnetoencephalographic study. Acta Medica Okayama, 60(1): 51-58, 2006.
9. Alexander C.N., et al. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on stress reduction, health, and employee development: A prospective study in two occupational settings. Anxiety, Stress and Coping: An International Journal 6: 245-262, 1993.
10. Candelent T., et al. Teaching Transcendental Meditation in a psychiatric setting. Hospital & Community Psychiatry 26: 156-159, 1975.
11. Dillbeck M.C. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique on anxiety level. Journal of Clinical Psychology 33: 1076-1078, 1977.
12. Eppley K.R. et al. Differential effects of relaxation techniques on trait anxiety: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology 45: 957-974, 1989.
13. http://www.doctorsontm.com/anxiety-adult

BBC World News: Using the Transcendental Meditation technique to alleviate ADHD

A new study suggests that the Transcendental Meditation technique could help improve brain functioning and reduce stress in students.

Fifty students took part in the trial at the American University, in Washington, DC. After ten weeks of meditation the students scored higher on performance tests, reported feeling more alert and said they coped better in difficult situations.

Josh Goulding, featured in this video, participated in the study and claims it has helped to get him off a cocktail of drugs he was taking to control Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Click here to go to BBC video


Visit the Website ADHD, the Mind, and Transcendental Meditation

ADHD: Medicate or Meditate? ...new research: an effective alternative

ADHD: Medicate or Meditate?

New research: An effective alternative



A study published in the journal Current Issues in Education suggests that the Transcendental Meditation technique may be an effective and safe non-drug treatment for ADHD.

 



The Transcendental Meditation technique is a simple, natural, effortless mental technique practiced 10-20 minutes twice daily, sitting quietly and comfortably in a chair with the eyes closed. The TM technique can be easily learned by anyone and is enjoyable to practice. The benefits of the TM technique are immediate and increase over time. The technique’s positive effects—for mind, body and relationships—have been verified by hundreds of research studies conducted at top medical schools and published in over 350 peer-reviewed scientific journals.

ADHD and the brain

Neuroscientists and researchers tell us that an imbalance in brain functioning can cause ADHD symptoms. The brain is made up of millions of cells that continually talk to each other, sending signals across the gaps or synapses between brain cells. The messenger molecules that carry these signals are called neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin regulate thinking, hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattentiveness, memory, emotions, and depression.

How medications work

The active ingredients in the most commonly used ADHD medications are amphetamines. As powerful stimulants, these amphetamines artificially increase the amount of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, speeding up brain activity. This is of great concern to doctors and parents. According to researchers, when the drugs flood the brain with these artificially produced neurotransmitters, the brain's ability to produce these neurotransmitters by itself is diminished. This can potentially cause the brain to suppress the natural growth and development of the brain cells that create the neural networks. The young brain isn’t given the chance to develop on its own and mature in its own functioning.[1]

How meditation works

The Transcendental Meditation technique doesn’t just treat the symptoms or create just a temporary effect, but can improve the condition permanently by reducing stress and creating more efficient and orderly brain functioning. Scientific research studies published in such prestigious journals as the International Journal of Neuroscience[2], Psychophysiology and others[3] have shown that the TM technique creates widespread "EEG coherence " throughout all areas of the brain. Everything good about the brain depends on its efficient, orderly functioning. Scientists have found that this improved brain functioning through daily TM practice improves IQ , creativity, comprehension, memory and academic performance. People practicing the TM technique commonly report immediate relief from anxiety and hyperactivity, and greater ability to concentrate and focus in their daily life. Under supervision of their doctors, patients with ADHD are often able to reduce or eliminate their medications within 3-6 months.

How the TM technique is different

The TM technique is unique—unlike all other forms of meditation—distinguished by its effortlessness, naturalness, and profound effectiveness. The technique doesn't take years to master and can be quickly and easily learned by anyone, even children. The technique is non-religious and requires no change in lifestyle or belief—one doesn't even have to believe in it for it to work.

Because the practice is effortless, you don't have to be able to concentrate or even sit still.

The TM technique allows awareness to naturally settle inward, transcending the busy activity of the mind, to a state of restful alertness. During the practice, the body gains deep relaxation—much deeper than ordinary relaxation or other meditation practices. Over 350 peer-reviewed scientific research studies have shown the TM technique to be the most effective mind-body practice for decreasing anxiety and depression and promoting self-actualization.

People with ADHD and other learning disorders are turning to the TM technique in growing numbers and finding relief from tension and restlessness within just a few days. Many of these people have tried counseling and other forms of meditation, without desired results, but with regular practice of the TM technique have been able to end their dependence on medications while thriving in school or work for the first time in their lives.

As concern for the long-term side effects of medication grows, it is worthwhile to become more informed about this healthy and practical approach for managing ADHD.

To view a PBS special feature on the effects of the TM technique for treating ADHD, click here.

To view ABC and NBC video news clips on the use of the TM technique for treating students with ADHD, click here.

1. http://www.adhd-tm.org/questions.html
2. Dillbeck M. C. and Bronson E. C. Short-term longitudinal effects of the Transcendental Meditation technique on EEG power and coherence. International Journal of Neuroscience 14: 147–151, 1981.
3. Travis F. Eyes open and TM EEG patterns after one and after eight years of TM practice. Psychophysiology 28 (3a): S58, 1991. Travis F. and Miskov S. P300 latency and amplitude during eyes-closed rest and Transcendental Meditation practice.Psychophysiology 31: S67 (Abstract), 1994. Travis F. Patterns of EEG coherence, power, and contingent negative variation characterize the integration of transcendental and waking states. Biological Psychology 61: 293-319, 2002. Wallace R.K., et al. Modification of the paired H reflex through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Experimental Neurology 79: 77-86, 1983. Wallace R. K., et al. Modification of the paired H reflex through the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi program. Experimental Neurology 79: 77–86, 1983. Yamamoto S., et al. Medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulated cortex in the generation of alpha activity induced by Transcendental Meditation: A magnetoencephalographic study.Acta Medica Okayama, 60(1): 51-58, 2006.
4. Alexander C.N., et al. Effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on stress reduction, health, and employee development: A prospective study in two occupational settings. Anxiety, Stress and Coping: An International Journal 6: 245-262, 1993. Candelent T., et al. Teaching Transcendental Meditation in a psychiatric setting. Hospital & Community Psychiatry 26: 156-159, 1975. Dillbeck M.C. The effect of the Transcendental Meditation technique on anxiety level. Journal of Clinical Psychology 33: 1076-1078, 1977. Eppley K.R. et al. Differential effects of relaxation techniques on trait anxiety: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology 45: 957-974, 1989.
   
   

BBC World News: Using the Transcendental Meditation technique to alleviate ADHD

Click here to watch

A new study suggests that the Transcendental Meditation technique could help improve brain functioning and lower stress in students.

Fifty students took part in the trial at the American University, in Washington, DC. After ten weeks of meditation the students scored higher on performance tests, reported feeling more alert and said they coped better in difficult situations.

Josh Goulding participated in the study and claims it has helped to get him off a cocktail of drugs he was taking to control Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).